The task before me was to join 15 other bloggers in the "infertility/pregnancy
loss/adoption/parenting-after-infertility/assisted conception community,"
read with them P.D. James' novel Children
of Men, and respond to several questions of the group's invention, all with
an eye towards conversation about how this book takes on a civilization with infertility at its failing core.
I want to write here about Children of Men, even if belatedly, because this is a rich
conversation about beginning and ending, what we hope for and what we lose, and
what, in the process we are willing to risk.
"Do you think
this was based on James' own experiences with infertility?"
A large part of my job as a writer and a teacher of writing
is to stand up in front of students and teach them about the nature of fiction.
That there is such a thing as
invention. Writers really do make things up. Really. Just like that. Not everything a writer writes is
thinly disguised autobiography, despite what Oprah Winfrey or many a first
novelist might lead you to think. But of course the question of connecting experience
and authorship is always, actually, more complicated than quick denial. Writers
mine their own pains, listen carefully to others'. We combine stories like
alchemy. We bring together small characteristics of 12 different people we know
with 4 strangers we've noticed on the bus or buying a newspaper or spitting on
the street to build a believable character into the pages. If there were no truth in our fictions, they simply wouldn't work
and feel true.
What can save you to make the argument you want is if you
can find the author herself claiming personal history or experience along
certain lines. But even with my super-duper express-lane university library
access to newspapers, scholarly journals, magazines, and specialty
publications, I can't find James talking about infertility, much less how it fits into her own life. I
hear her talk about morality, religion, feminism*, the writing process, justice,
fascism, and the role of mystery. But about sperm and egg? Only that she ran
across a scientific article mentioning a decline in male sperm production possibly
being linked to pollution.
So, there's that. A dead end. But this question stirs trouble for me, because throughout reading this book, I couldn't keep from asking myself what the author's experiences were, whether she was writing out of the earned authority of experience with infertility. I'm so well trained not to ask
these questions in the midst of reading, to go willingly into the emotional
truth of a story, that being almost physically pulled back to those questions
section by section caught me by surprise. Despite what I know about writing, what I teach and preach in my
classes, it mattered more than it should just who P.D. James really is, out
here in the real world beyond those pages she's handwritten (no luck on the
ovarian history, but I can tell you with confidence she avoids the word
processor and any "machine devised by man" for getting her words on
the page)**. I got angry with her—personally—and her portrayal of the
"desperate" women engineering christenings for cats and pramming
dolls down the sidewalk. I looked for clues in the book itself, found her
dedication of the book to her daughters a kind of fertile statement and
positioning. I am completely, totally aware this deduction isn't fair. But still I
want, I think, to believe she doesn't, deep down, know what she's talking
about, because in this case—because I can't separate my own story and way of
conceiving other stories apart from the experience of loss—it seems, whether or not it should, that it matters.
A few questions posted by my fellow bloggers focused on the role of
sex in the book and in our individual lives: "One of the story's responses to mass infertility was that couples
stopped having sex since there didn't seem to be any point in it. How has IF
affected your sex life with your partner? Did you have different experiences at
different times along the way?" and "In the book...[w]ith the decline
of humanity's fertility, there is also a decline in the physical pleasure of
intercourse. The State has to actively encourage pornography to get people to 'enjoy' sex. In the novel Theo assumes that because people are freed
from the act of trying to conceive, people should be 'liberated' and
more uninhibited, yet the very opposite happened. Sex becomes synonymous with
comfort rather than physical pleasure-in fact, it's relayed that women
associate sex with physical pain rather than pleasure…."
I sat through a wedding where the minister mentioned the
"blessings of children" and the "go forth and multiply"
idea so many times throughout the short service that I about squeezed all the
blood out of my husband's hand to keep myself seated and not storming right on
out of the sanctuary. It was as if the whole idea of marriage and building a
life and love together were far secondary to the production of a baby. And
this, my friends, was a mainstream but supposedly liberated, contemporary
church. I was shocked at how steeped religion still is (and I don't think this issue is limited to Christianity), how invested in women
as producers of heirs, and that their worth in life and marriage—the very
success of the marriage, even—lies with that product. James' book hews close to
this idea that without a "purpose" behind sex, desire
goes cold.
For me, sex and procreation have usually been uneasy bedmates. All
that consternation of whether the pill was going to fail and when my period
arrived late (ha! if only I'd known then what I know now, I could have saved
myself years of worry) brought
an edge of worry to the proceedings. And then, with infertility, came the charting,
the watching, the checking, the double-checking, the eventual doldrums of the sex
act under the stalking of an elusive egg.
The best sex I've ever had has been
when I wasn't concerned, one way or the other, about sex having anything to do
with baby.
James leaves little room in her
book for the idea of sex as pleasure outside what feel like old strictures of
why sex exists for "grown-ups," at least as defined by the Christian
scripture. There's a decidedly strange take on homosexuality here—Theo's
insistence against his attraction for Xan, the outing of Theo's father, the
note about his mentor, Jasper, being not gay, but merely academic—that closes
out any discussion of the sex operating outside the bounds of traditional
Christianity's strictures about sex. Women "increasingly intolerant and
critical of men" turn not to one another but against the very idea of
pleasure. In this sphere of James, there are no gay men, no lesbians, no
heterosexual couples who find pleasure, in the ways we know humans do, in the
acts of touch and of bodies coming together. While this may serve her storyline's purposes,
this dislocation of people and decline in pleasure simply because conception
doesn't occur doesn't ring true for the physical companionship we want and need
or for the very real range and reality of human sexuality.
And hell, if I knew the world were
coming to an end, I would have lots and lots of sex. Good sex at that.
A few other questions
focused on children and their rearing, on the privilege afforded the youth:
"In Chapter 7, Jasper Palmer-Smith says to Theo within a tirade about
society, 'Now, for the rest of our
lives, we're going to be spared the intrusive barbarism of the young, their
noise, their pounding, repetitive, computer-produced so-called music, their
violence, their egotism disguised as idealism. My God, we might even succeed in
getting rid of Christmas, the annual celebration of parental guilt and juvenile
greed.' … Do you
think this has become a true generalization of the youth in America today? If you have children now, how do you
plan to raise your children so that this statement does not pertain to them? If
you do not yet have children, how would you parent your children so that this
description does not fit them?" and " The Omegas are portrayed as
cruel, self-obsessed and cold. Do you suppose that's a function of the way they
were raised (as the last generation of children) or something inherent in them?
Do you think that infertility has an effect on parenting?"
A few days ago The
Washington Post reported that this generation of young people marks the
most narcissistic yet. The article notes that "In an analysis of personality
surveys given to U.S.college students during the past 25 years that asked for responses to
statements such as 'If I ruled the world, it would be a better place,' [Jean] Twenge
and the other researchers concluded that there's been a moderate but
significant generational change. In other words, young people today are
somewhat more likely to be self-absorbed, attention-seeking and power-hungry."
There's a bravado built into being young—a rash risking. A know-everything,
unjadeable positioning. An assumption of the world—and so it has always been.
But with this narcissism comes, too, a breakability, a deep confusion about
their real place in the world once they enter into real adulthood and true thinking—the
art of questioning past assumption. I see this every day in my classroom, among
those students targeted by Tenge's study. And perhaps those children—because
college-aged or not, most of them really are still children and think of
themselves in those terms, so closely connected to their parents by cell phone
and text message and e-mail and visits home throughout the semester—exhibit it
more than others, through their extreme privilege, attending the college now
with the most expensive price tag in the country. But I also see young people
determined to open up outside of themselves, their own petty concerns, and how
for many of them that can be a heart-rendering act. There is kindness and
generosity and hope among each generation, no matter the louder "barbarism."
If they are worse, it is our job to teach them not to be so. More than just parents need to parent our children.
The cliché
is that the mother and father who have struggled with infertility and loss
spoil the child and deny this precious offspring nothing. I have no idea who
among my students are IVF babies, voodoo babies, Clomid babies,
pray-to-whomever-for-a-miracle babies, IUI babies, injectible babies, adopted
babies, surrogate babies…. But
somehow I don't think that the line of fertile versus infertile—how that child
arrived into this world—is what really determines the child's eventual place in the
world.
What do I want for the child to
come? Confidence in her world, but not cruelty. The ability to ask the tough
question but also to take in the tough answer, no matter how hard it might be
to hear at first. Generosity of spirit. Understanding. Strength and conviction with a solid tempering of empathy. A deep love for
the very fact of life. How will I teach her that? Only by stumblings, leading, I can only hope, to a surer
step. Learning to walk along with her. Letting her teach me how to speak, how
to master language. Allowing her to show me how to fall in love with the world.
So that when she, too, reaches the age of pushing against the world, believing
it means nothing, holds nothing more for her, I can remind her of what she
taught me: that this world is marvelous and miraculous, and that it can never
be taken for granted, because each day we earn it with our breath and blood.
Each day we gain and we lose. Each day we start again, and end. Each day, if
we're lucky, we live and live fully. Surely, mother to daughter, to ask her to
live and live well, that can't be too much to ask?
6. Would you be able to go through all
that Julian went through in order to have her baby in peace and safety?
In James' book, the character of Julian keeps secrets, seeks
out help amidst grave danger, insists on a certain kind of birth at high cost to those around her. She seems keenly
aware of the fact that no matter how much a child might be wanted in that world,
the fact of the birth of a child into an infertile world is a disruption and dislocation
that could cause more trouble than one human could imagine. It's enough, as we
see here, to betray and, in turn, be
betrayed by a husband; to get people killed along the way; and even to topple a government.
My
pregnancy, thank goodness, has been much less dramatic. No one, as far as I
know, has risked death merely by being in my pregnant presence, and the United States seems somewhat secure in its democracy (I'm holding my tongue here on the current administration's tendency
towards fascism…that's for another entry altogether). But now, in my
seventh month, there's a kind of fierceness about birth I find myself working
into. The past has gotten me here. The trouble and pain—physical, emotional,
spiritual—of infertility has built into me an instistence about having this
child in "peace and safety." Those months where I buckled over in
sudden cramps after going off the pill and the gp doctor could prescribe
nothing but a digestive medicine, the rounds of Provera that wanted to send me off
the roof, the acupuncture by Madame Pincushion whose few English words amounted
to telling me I should "Quit work. Make Baby."
And then, the
hospitals. The terrible, terrible hospital experiences of my first miscarriage.
The oncologist's registering my father in that long ward, telling us it was for
recuperation from infection but telling the nurses it was for him to die. I know better than to believe a hospital is a safe place, and so while I'm choosing a hospital birth, it's a choice I make with both care and consternation.
Infertility
teaches you not to count on anything. It teaches you always to get numbers, data, do
research. Never to settle for the unsure diagnosis or the vague lab result. Listen to your gut—literally and figuratively—when it tells you that
the treatment isn't right. Infertility welcomes the good doctor and appreciates
him or her, but always keep up the wary eye.
It's been a
strange thing to turn from one book to another—from The Children of Men to Ina
May's Guide to Childbirth. It's no surprise to read in Ina May Gaskin's
book of the women who, in similar late stages of pregnancy, ditch their
traditional doctors and head down to The Farm in Tennessee to birth their children. I trust my OB—he's smart and
wise and, I think, a good man. I believe he will catch this baby in good hands.
But every day now I make new, necessary decisions about how to handle and approach
birth, how, especially as this may be the only chance I get to experience the
act of birthing a child, I want it to go. I have no illusions about any birth
happening according to any plan I might devise. If anything, I recognize each
day the great dangers of childbirth—cords and bleeding and complications that
can happen. But I think the fact of not just trusting the doctor's hands but also taking this birth into my own hands is
essential, and I know I would regret doing it any other way.
I would do just
about anything if it meant the safe passage of this child out into the world,
and that determination—foolhardy and selfish as it might seem to some—is the
other child I carry, conceived and grown from loss in ferocious hope of
keeping.
A note from the head honcho of the book tour: "Intrigued by this book tour and want to read more about Children
of Men? Hop along to more stops on the Barren Bitches Book Tour by
visiting the masterttp: list at Stirrup Queens: http://www.stirrup-queens.blogspot.com/2007/03/read-along-barren-bitches-book-tour-2.html
Want to come along for the next tour? Sign up has
begun for tour #3 ( The Time Traveler's Wife by Audrey Niffenegger), and
all are welcome to join along. All you need is a book and blog."
*P.D. James on whether she considers herself as a feminist: "I
am a feminist in so far as I want a fairer deal for women, equal opportunity,
equal pay, a more just society. And I have a great attraction for members of my
own sex. But it seems to me that some radical feminists today are against men,
and they dislike being women, and I can't go along with that. The truth is that
there are no easy answers to some fundamental questions: we are biologically
designed to bear children, and the children have great need of us, especially
in their early years. This makes it more difficult for women to pursue careers
on equal terms with men. Paradoxically women today have a much harder life than
had our mothers and grandmothers, although there is more equality between the
sexes. In the past, women had extended families, and good reliable nannies.
Today we don't have such help, and careers are open to women at the very time
when it is difficult to pursue them without risk of damage to their children.
As a result women are stretched physically and emotionally, working hard to
hold down a job and have a family. Somebody has to run a household, and the
woman is the heart of the family, however good the husband may be at sharing
the chores. It may be that women have to make difficult choices, give up work
and stay at home for a few years until the children go to school. So often this
so-called independence means that you are paying someone close to do your work--you
go out to work in order to earn money to pay the woman who is looking after
your children. She is enjoying your children instead of you!"--P.D. James in an interview with Shusha Guppy, Paris Review Summer 1995, Vol. 37, Iss.
135, p. 52.
** Notes on her writing process are from "A Conversation
with...P.D. James" by Lewis Burke Frumkes, The Writer, June 1988, Vol. 111, Iss. 6, pp. 17-20.